【Unity Shader】 Alpha测试

介绍

Alpha测试：符合条件的像素显示出来，不符合的丢掉

一、fixed function shader的透明通度测试

ShaderLab: Legacy Alpha Testing

语法

1. 关闭Alpha测试

AlphaTest Off

渲染所有的像素（默认）或者…
2. 开启Alpha测试

AlphaTest comparison AlphaValue

设置alpha测试，根据alpha值筛选符合条件的像素进行渲染

1. Comparison Alpha测试的比较命令

   • Greater
     Only render pixels whose alpha is greater than AlphaValue.
   • GEqual
     Only render pixels whose alpha is greater than or equal to AlphaValue.
   • Less
     Only render pixels whose alpha value is less than AlphaValue.
   • LEqual
     Only render pixels whose alpha value is less than or equal to from AlphaValue.
   • Equal
     Only render pixels whose alpha value equals AlphaValue.
   • NotEqual
     Only render pixels whose alpha value differs from AlphaValue.
   • Always
     Render all pixels. This is functionally equivalent to AlphaTest Off.
   • Never
     Don’t render any pixels.

开启alpha测试，只渲染alpha值大于0.5的像素：

Shader "Hidden/alphatest"
{
    Properties
    {
        _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
    }
    SubShader
    {
        // No culling or depth
        Cull Off ZWrite Off ZTest Always

        // alphatest
        // AlphaTest Off
        AlphaTest Greater 0.5
        Pass
        {
            SetTexture[_MainTex]
        }
    }
}

二、可编程shader的透明度测试

ShaLab的AlphaTest命令在shader2.0中是不起作用的。
由于可编程shader会对纹理采样，可以直接操作纹理的透明通道值，因此也不需要AlphaTest命令。而fixed function shader不会纹理采样，只能依靠AlphaTest命令进行Alpha测试。

同样，开启alpha测试，只渲染alpha值大于0.5的像素：

Shader "Hidden/alphatest2"
{
    Properties
    {
        _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
    }
    SubShader
    {
        // No culling or depth
        //Cull Off ZWrite Off ZTest Always

        Blend SrcAlpha OneMinusSrcAlpha
        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex vert
            #pragma fragment frag

            #include "UnityCG.cginc"

            struct appdata
            {
                float4 vertex : POSITION;
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
            };

            struct v2f
            {
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
                float4 vertex : SV_POSITION;
            };

            v2f vert (appdata v)
            {
                v2f o;
                o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
                o.uv = v.uv;
                return o;
            }

            sampler2D _MainTex;

            fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target
            {
                fixed4 col = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
                if(col.a < 0.5 )
                {
                    return fixed4(0,0,0,0);
                }else
                {
                    return col;
                }
                return col;
            }
            ENDCG
        }
    }
}